Feelings of hopelessness among medieval workers trapped in the poverty cycle gradually lessened as it became possible for women's labor to supplement a family's money income by more than pennies. By 1300, women spinners could be found working on their own for wealthy sponsors, even after the introduction it Italy and France of a prohibition against advancing money for supplies to women spinners. Historians have usually interpreted this prohibition simply as evidence of women's economic subjection, since it obliged them to turn to usurers; however, it was also almost certainly a response to a trend toward differential reward for women's higher skill. Yarn can be spun irregularly and lumpily, but perfectly smooth yarn is worth more. Working for merchant entrepreneurs on time rates, women had been paid hardly more than children; working as entrepreneurs themselves and producing good work by the piece, they could break into the rational system of differential rewards.
23. The primary purpose of the passage is to
(A) propose and defend a theory about the consequences of a certain historical event
(B) present historical facts and offer a broader interpretation of those facts than has been offered in the past
(C) describe the socioeconomic effects of a widely held attitude during a particular historical period
(D) demonstrate the superiority of using an economic approach to historical analysis
(E) call attention to the influence of the textile industry on society during a particular historical period
24. It can be inferred from the passage that the author views the system of paying all workers equally on time rates as
(A) unfair and not rational
(B) undesirable but unavoidable
(C) efficient and profitable
(D) advantageous to most women workers
(E) evidence of a trend toward a more modern wage system
25. The passage implies which of the following about women spinners in medieval Europe?
(A) Most of them worked independently for wealthy sponsors.
(B) They were not typical of medieval women entrepreneurs.
(C) Some of them were paid for their work after it was done, according to its value.
(D) They would have been able to contribute substantial amounts to their families' incomes were it not for the prohibition against advancing money to them.
(E) They were inevitably disadvantaged in the marketplace because they were obliged to obtain money for their supplies from usurers.
26. The passage implies that feeling of hopelessness among medieval workers
(A) resulted primarily from the lack of a rational system of differential rewards
(B) disappeared completely once medieval textile workers were able to break the cycle of poverty
(C) were more prevalent among female workers than among male workers
(D) came into being in part because of women's limited earning capacity
(E) were particularly common among textile workers in Italy and France
27. The author suggests that historians have done which of the following?
(A) Failed to give adequate consideration to the economic contribution of women during the medieval period.
(B) Overestimated the degree of hopelessness experienced by medieval workers trapped in the poverty cycle.
(C) Ignored the fact that by 1300 many women spinners were working independently rather than for merchant entrepreneurs.
(D) Regarded the economics status of women in Italy and France as representative of women's status throughout medieval Europe.
(E) Overlooked part of the significant of a prohibition government one aspect of yarn production in medieval Europe.
28. QUOTA:
(A) decisive action
(B) unlimited number
(C) anonymous remark
(D) irrelevant topic
(E) debatable issue
29. SEGMENT:
(A) affix
(B) inflate
(C) cleanse
(D) make whole
(E) keep still
30. IMMUNITY:
(A) incompatibility
(B) variability
(C) mortality
(D) irritability
(E) susceptibility
31. DISJOINTED:
(A) orderly
(B) clever
(C) rigid
(D) flexible
(E) persuasive
32. BANE:
(A) source
(B) courage
(C) divinity
(D) sympathy
(E) blessing
33. ACCOLADE:
(A) disappearance
(B) absurdity
(C) disapprobation
(D) exclusion
(E) reconstruction
34. PLUMB:
(A) lofty
(B) light
(C) thin
(D) reversed
(E) horizontal
35. PALLIATE:
(A) increase the intensity of
(B) expand the scope of
(C) enhance the appeal of
(D) accelerate the diffusion of
(E) extend the endurance of
36. RAVEL:
(A) remain silent
(B) increase in value
(C) knit
(D) omit
(E) measure
37. GOAD:
(A) ignore
(B) cajole
(C) console
(D) protect
(E) curb
38. EFFLUVIA:
(A) important examples
(B) relevant theories
(C) predictable results
(D) controlled reactions
(E) desired products |
收藏