实用贴 | 美国看病常用语全攻略

实用贴 | 美国看病常用语全攻略
很多在生活中可以流利交流的华人，在看病时也会犯难，因为有很多专业术语不知道，没有办法清楚地向医生形容自己的病情。本篇文章就来帮助解决这个难题。先来看一些常见的关于医生的词汇：

Doctor（医生）为最普通的词汇（其缩写形式为Dr.），是所有具备行医资格的人或从事医药研究人员的统称。
Physician指“内科医师”，Surgeon为“外科医师”。
Dentist是“牙医师”，他们必须至少在大学接受六年的正规培训才可以开业。在美国的牙医中，有百分之九十自开牙科诊所。
General practitioner意为“（非专科）普通医师”，他们对各科病理知识有广泛的了解，可以为患有各种不同病症的病人诊断，既可以诊病，接生，也可以为病人做手术，接断骨等。
Specialist“专科医生”，例如：妇产科医生，眼科医生（eye specialist），耳鼻喉科医生（ear，nose, throat specialist），心脏病医生（heart specialist）等等。

看病的英语表达方法多种多样，下面是一些看病常用的英语汇总：

医生一般会这么问：

What’s wrong (with you)?你哪儿不舒服吗？
What’s the matter (with you)?你哪儿不舒服吗？
What can I do for you?你怎么了？
What’s up with you?你生什么病了？
How are you feeling?你感觉如何？
Show me your tongue. 让我看看你的舌头。
Let me feel your pulse.让我摸摸你的脉。
Let me take your temperature.让我量量你的体温。
Give the patient an x-ray.给病人做X光透视。
Take one’s blood pressure量血压
Listen to his heart［用听诊器］听他的心脏
Examine his eye (ear)检查他的眼睛［耳朵］
Get the tooth pulled拔牙。
He needs an operation.他需要手术。
Get three rejections打三针。
write out a prescription开药方。
follow the doctor’s advice按医嘱。
Take the medicine every four hours.每隔四小时吃药。
Three times a day, after meals.一天三次，饭后服用。
I hope he soon gets over it.希望他早日康复。

病人可以这样陈述病情：

（1）一般病情
He feels headache, nausea and vomiting。 他觉得头痛丶恶心和想吐。
He is under the weather。 他不舒服，生病了。
He began to feel unusually tired。 他感到反常的疲倦。
He feels light-headed。 他觉得头晕。
She has been shut-in for a few days。 她生病在家几天了。
Her head is pounding。 她头痛。
His symptoms include loss of appetite, weight loss, excessive fatigue, fever and chills。 他的症状包括没有食欲丶体重减轻丶非常疲倦丶发烧和发冷。
He feels exhausted or fatigued most of the time。 他大部份时间都觉得非常疲倦。
He has been lacking in energy for some time。 他感到虚弱有段时间了。
He feels drowsy, dizzy and nauseated。 他觉得昏昏欲睡，头晕目眩和想吐。
He feels as though everything around him is spinning。 他感到周围的东西都在打转。
He has noticed some loss of hearing。 他发觉听力差些。
She has some pains and itching around her eyes。 她眼睛四周又痛又痒。
（2）伤风感冒
He has been coughing up rusty or greenish-yellow phlegm。 他咳嗽带有绿黄色的痰。
His eyes feel itchy and he has been sneezing。 他眼睛发痒，而且一直在打喷嚏。
He has a fever, aching muscles and hacking cough。 他有发烧，筋骨酸痛和常常咳嗽。（hacking = constant）
He coughed with sputum and feeling of malaise。 他咳嗽有浓痰，而且觉得很虚弱。 （malaise = debility）
He gets a cold with a deep hacking cough。 他伤风咳嗽。
He has a headache, aching bones and joints。 他头痛，骨头丶关节也痛。
He has a persistent cough。 他不停地在咳。
He has bouts of uncontrollable coughing。 他一阵阵的咳嗽，难以控制。
He has hoarse and has lost his voice sometimes。 他声音嘶哑，有时失声。
He has a sore throat and a stuffy nose。 他嗓子疼痛而且鼻子不通。
His breathing is harsh and wheezy。他唿吸时，有气喘似的唿哧唿哧作响。
He has a stabbing pain that comes on suddenly in one or both temples。 有时突然间太阳穴刺痛。
He has a runny nose, sneezing or a scratchy throat。 他流鼻水，打喷嚏和喉咙沙哑。
（3）手脚毛病
His both hands and feet ache all over。 他两手两脚都很酸痛。
He has pain on the sole of his feet。 他脚底很痛。
There is a wart-like lump on the sole of right foot。 我右脚底有个像肉疣般的硬块。
His ankles look puffy and they pit when he presses them with his finger。 他的足踝好象肿了，用手按，就有小坑痕。 （pit = small dent form） （句里的 they 和 them 都是指 ankles）
The pain in his left foot is accompanied by redness and swelling。 左脚酸痛，并有红肿。
The joints near his fingernails and knuckles look swollen。 指头和指节旁边的关节，似乎有肿大。
He has numbness and tingling in his hands and fingers。 他的手和指头感到麻木和刺痛。
His legs become painful following strenuous exercise。 激烈运动后，他的腿就痛。
His knee is misshapen or unable to move。 他的膝盖有点畸形，也不能动。
There are some swellings in his armpit。 他的腋窝肿大。
He is troubled with painful muscles and joints。 他的筋骨和关节都痛。
She is troubled by the pains in the back and shoulders。 她的后背和肩膀都痛。
His knee has been bothering him for some time。 他的膝盖不舒服，已有一段时间了。
（4）睡眠不好
He is sleeping poorly。他睡不好
He has difficulty in sleeping, inability to concentrate。他不易入睡，也难集中精神。
It is usually hard for her to fall asleep when she goes to bed at night。她晚上就寝，很难入睡。
He wakes during the night or early morning and finds it difficult to fall asleep again。他晚间或清早醒来后，再也不能入睡。
He has nightmares occasionally。他有时做噩梦。
（5）呼吸方面
His breathing has become increasingly difficult。他呼吸越来越困难。
He has to breathe through his mouth。他要用口呼吸。
He is short of breath, even when he has not been exercising, he is breathless。他喘气;即使不运动，他也是上气不接下气。
His cough is more like wheezing。他的咳嗽有唿哧唿哧的响声。
His cough is dry, producing no phlegm。他是干咳，没有痰。
He has coughed up blood。他咳嗽有血。
His nose stuffed up when he had a cold。他感冒时鼻子就不通。
He coughs up a lot of phlegm （thick spit） on most days。他多半时间咳出浓浓的痰。
He has a feeling of tightness in the chest or a feeling that he is suffocating。他胸部觉得闷闷的，好象透不过气来。
（6）口腔毛病
He has pain in his teeth or jaw。 他的牙齿和下巴疼痛。
He has some problems with his teeth。 他牙齿有问题。
The tooth hurts only when he bites down on it。 他咬东西时，牙齿就痛。）（动词时态：hurt, hurt, hurt; bite, bit, bit）
His gums are red and swollen。 他的牙床红肿。
His tongue is red and sore all over。 他的舌头到处红和痛。
His breath smells bad and he has a foul taste in his mouth。 他口里有怪味。
His gums do bleed。 他牙床有出血。
He has some sore swellings on his gum or jaw。他的牙床和下巴肿痛。
He has sore places on or around the lip。 他的嘴唇和周围都很痛。
There are cracks at the corners of his mouth。 他的嘴巴角落破了。
There are some discolored areas inside on his tongue。 他舌头里边有些地方颜色怪怪的。
（7）肠胃毛病
He has a bloated, uncomfortable feeling after meal。 他饭后肚子觉得胀胀的，很不舒服。或 He feels bloated after eating。
He has bouts of abdominal pain。 他有一阵阵的肚痛。
He feels bloated in his abdominal area。 他感到肚子胀胀的。（注：胀胀的，像“puff up”，但不是真正的肿“swell up”。）
The pain is mainly in the lower （upper） right part of the abdomen。 痛是在肚子下半部。
He has nausea and vomiting。 他有恶心和呕吐。
It is difficult or painful for him to swallow。 他吞下食物时会痛。
He has passed more gas than usual。 他放…比平常多。
He has been constipated for a few days。 他便秘了好几天。
He suffers pains when he moves his bowels。 他大便时很痛。
He has some bleeding from his rectum。 他的***出血。
He has noticed some blood in his bowel movements。 他发觉大便时有些血。
His bowel movements are pale, greasy and foul smelling。 他大便呈灰白色，含油脂的恶臭。
His bowel movements are grey （or black） in color。 他的大便呈灰白色。
He has trouble with diarrhea。 他拉肚子。
（8）血压等等
His blood pressure is really up。 他的血压很高。
High blood pressure is creeping up on him。He has noticed frequent urination, increased thirst and unexpected tireness。 他发觉常常小便，非常口渴和更加疲倦。
It is a chest pain that gets worse when he bends over or lies down。 他弯腰或躺下时，胸部更痛。
He has noticed excessive sweating and unexplained tireness。 他体会到过度的出汗和难以解释的疲倦。
He has a sharp pain in one area of his spine。 他的嵴椎某部位刺痛。
He has pain in other joints including hip, knee and ankle。 其它关节疼痛包括臀部丶膝盖和脚踝。
His eyes seem to be bulging。 他的眼睛觉得有点肿胀。
He has double vision。 他的视线有双重影子。
He feels there is a film over his eyes。 他觉得眼里有种薄膜似的东西，挡住视线。
His vision in the right eye blurred。 他右眼视线模煳不清。
He has had some earaches lately。 他近来耳朵有点痛。
He has a repeated buzzing or other noises in his ears。 他耳朵常有嗡嗡的声音。

看病后，就需要去买药。美国医疗和中国的另一个区别就是医药分离。医药总体分为两类，一类是处方药(prescription medicine )， 也就是要去医院医生开具才能购买的药；另一类是非处方药(OTC，即Over the Counter)，也就是不需要去医院在一般的药店可以直接购买的药。美国的药店一般称为pharmacy，或者drugstore，只不过后面的drugstore还会售卖其他日用品。注：美国抗生素(antibiotics)是处方药，会严格控制开具，一般的感冒大多只会让你多喝水，多休息，不会随便给你开青霉素(penicillin)的。

常见药品词汇：

Pain killer 止痛药
Ointment 软膏
Eye Drop 眼药水
Lozenge 含片
Cough Mixture 止咳糖浆
Aspirin 阿司匹林
Paracetamol 扑热息痛
Penicillin 青霉素