美国移民新政解读：一言不合就拒签/遣返？您可能误解了

本帖最后由 stayfly 于 2018/7/18 10:06 编辑
被遗忘的房子 原创 lfvisas
被遗忘的房子 移民资讯：        近日关于美国移民局发出的二则备忘录内容（详见附录），引起了广大移民申请人和美国签证持有人的广泛关注，这两则备忘录的内容分别是：1，关于某些移民补件(RFE)和意向性否决(NOID)的政策更新；2，关于美国移民局发布上庭通知指导美国国土安全部执行的政策更新；
下图为美国移民局USCIS官方的政策更新页面：



         首先，因为不明所以，这些消息对于申请人来说可能是恐慌的，不明所以害怕，看明白了心里就不慌了。所以资深移民行业自媒体人，新浪博客 被遗忘的房子 为大家做一个简单的移民术语解释，然后再具体分析：
(非)移民在美什么情况下面临上庭递解出境？答：如下情况下需要涉及到美国移民法庭上庭的情况：

1.涉嫌国家安全的案件：这些案件包括并不限于恐怖行为，间谍活动，阴谋颠覆政府等行为。如果美国移民官相信外国人在美国存在其他可能危及美国国家安全行为的，也可以发给出庭通知书，让移民法庭法官裁决。

2.法律或法条规定案件，美国移民法规规定必须发给出庭通知书的案件包括：（1）以婚姻为基础的临时绿卡申请转正式绿卡被拒的案件；（2）政治庇护申请失败被终止或终止暂缓驱逐出境的案件；（3）未能让移民官确信回国会受到迫害（多用于政治庇护申请）的案件；（4）尼加拉瓜和中美洲救援法申请失败的案件；（5）尼加拉瓜和中美洲救援法前期申请成功但被认可不符合取消被驱逐出境条件的案件； （6）那些失去临时保护令保护而没有其他合法身份的外国人。

3.涉嫌欺诈，误导和滥用公共福利的案件

4.涉嫌刑事案件的案件

5.签证逾期，外国人在美国没有合法身份的情况

6.入籍申请被拒的案件


移民补件(RFE)和意向性否决(NOID)是什么？答：所谓移民补件，全称，即要求补充证据，是美国移民官员向申请人发出的针对移民申请中所涉及的不清楚的问题要求申请人在限定时间内补充要求的资料。        如果发现申请材料不符合批准要求（对细节有疑问，材料不全，甚至材料看起来不合格等），往往对申请人发出补件信的通知（RFE），规定一个回复期限，给申请人一个补充材料或解释的机会。         对申请材料条件看起来很差的申请，也会先发出一个意向拒绝通知（NOID），也给申请人一个补充材料或解释说明的机会，很少直接发出拒绝申请的通知书。
这两个备忘录的移民政策可以总结为以下几点：1，关于不发出RFE和NOID直接拒绝的适用情形：applies to all applications, petitions, and requests, except for Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) adjudications, received after that date。即除过DACA（追梦人）的案子外，所有的申请，请愿和要求，美国移民局官员在材料不齐全的情况下都可以不经发出补件通知和意向性否决，而直接给出拒绝，适用于所有移民或非移民申请，请愿和请求。
DACA（奥巴马时期发布的延迟驱逐无身份的儿童的法律）申请暂时幸免，只是因为加利福尼亚州和纽约州的联邦法院发布临时禁令，禁止政府对那些年幼时被父母带入美国的无身份的儿童实施递解出境的行动；由此可见特朗普驱逐追梦人的行动并没有成功或者说进行的不顺利，美国国内诸多阻力。

2，该备忘录所涉及的移民局新规的起始时间是2018年9月11日，对2018年9月11日起收到的各类移民或非移民申请，除了DACA的申请之外，移民官审理各类移民申请时具有完全的自由裁量权，移民官对于没有提交全部证明文件或所提供材料不合要求，可以直接拒绝，不必先寄发补件信(RFE)或拒绝意向通知(NOID)，言外之意就是在美国律师的配合下提供了完整申请的就不用担心；

3，美国移民局（USCIS）6月28号颁布政策备忘录，宣布根据13768号总统行政命令，将驱逐出境执法重点不再限制于优先驱逐有刑事案底的外国人，而是驱逐所有在美国失去合法身份的外国人，如果您没有失去身份，没有逾期，没有滞留，不用担心。
        我们举个例子：对于那些递交的申请，没有提交的任何或足够的证据支持材料的或者法规，法规或表格说明要求在递交申请时，提交正式文件或其他形式的证据以确保是否符合资格的情况，而没有按照要求提交的，移民官直接拒掉申请。例如，有的亲属移民申请需要递交经济担保书（I-864表），但没有递交的，可以直接被拒。
财瑛移民 政策分析：        资深 移民行业自媒体人，新浪认证博主：被遗忘的房子 认为：移民申请人不要对这个政策因为不明白所以产生不必要的恐惧，不排除申请人看到有些内容是对该政策的曲解或者过分解读，因为一个政策出台肯定对于事件双方都有利弊，这些利弊表现在：

1.可以减少很多“不良”申请，缓解移民配额压力，排除很多劣质申请：因为新政后签证申请或者移民申请需要持非常谨慎的态度，材料不齐全的申请人不要去尝试自己递交，从而减少大量不完整的申请预先抢占移民配额；
2.移民局专心于处理完整的优质申请，节约时间和成本，缩短处理时间，利与申请人：这份备忘录的目的可以使移民局避免浪费时间和精力去处理不完整的申请，这样既可以节省移民局官员的时间成本，又可以提升移民局处理效率，还有望基于此缩短移民申请的处理时间；
3.专业的事情交给专业的人去做，移民行业洗牌：鉴于移民局官员具有裁量权因为材料的不完整而直接发出拒绝，因此移民作为专业的事情需要交给专业的移民中介或者移民律师去完成，移民行业会因此大洗牌，没有专业团队或者实际操作经验的机构或面临退出，净化了移民中介行业市场；以前有的人出于各种原因，如自以为简单，想省钱，等，自己或请朋友为自己递交移民或非移民申请。以后这种拿自己在美国的前途当赌注的事情可能要少做一些了。
4，申请人在美——莫滞留，莫偷渡，莫逾期不归，莫轻易改变签证用途，莫随意调整延长身份：在持有合法美国签证的前提下，不要逾期滞留美国，也不能轻易改变签证用途，更不能在还没有获得移民身份的时候伸手向美国政府拿福利，否则一旦申请被拒绝会收到上庭通知，因此面临被递解出境的危险。以前想当然容易获得批准的转换/延长身份的申请，日后可能不再容易了。例如持B-2观光签证来美国旅游，随后申请转成学生身份，结婚移民，工作签证，等，都会存在被拒后收到出庭通知书的风险。
5，让美国变得“安全”，缩短和控制非法移民在美停留的时间：这个新备忘录是执行川普政府驱赶非法移民的具体措施，通过发出出庭通知书把移民官认为可以驱逐出境的外国人及时赶进美国移民法庭受审，减少或缩短这些外国人继续非法停留在美国的机会或时间。一旦有出庭通知书在案，外国人日后在美国获得任何移民福利都非常困难，除非出庭通知书得到最终解决。
6，出庭通知不要忽视：若不幸收到出庭通知书，建议立即咨询专业的移民律师，积极寻找解决措施，不要有意无意的忽略出庭通知书。及时查收邮箱或者在搬家后及时通知美国移民局，避免查收不到移民局文件而耽误出庭时间。
被遗忘的房子 温馨提示        被遗忘的房子专注美国EB2移民，美国EB3移民，目前美国现行移民政策中的职业移民，即Employment-Based,EB类移民是美国经济发展额首要移民项目，EB5为美国带来资金，EB1移民,EB2移民,EB3移民，EB4移民为美国带来各种人才和劳动力。
        在美国EB5移民面临排期问题，美国EB1移民面临严苛审核的情况下，高学历申请人选择申请美国EB2移民advance degree类或者虽然您不具有硕士学位但是您具有本科学位加上专业的工作经验也是可以从美国EB3移民的professional & skilled workers类别去考虑移民美国。
        移民美国，优先日期早者为王，越早获得移民优先日期对申请人是越有利的，犹豫不能让移民之路有任何进展。美国EB2/EB3移民属于以学历和技能移民美国的雇主担保的方式，其申请优势在于：

无需投资，无需资金证明；

无需商业经验，无需高管经验；

无需具备杰出条件，无需论文发表，科研成果……等；

相对于美国EB5投资移民来说排期较短且灵活；

对于移民机构来说，客户群体范围广；

一步到位绿卡；移民配额多；

        被遗忘的房子作为国内为数不多的能独立操作美国EB2移民和美国EB3移民的项目方，以诚信和专业的态度欢迎海内外移民中介机构合作共赢，为广大申请人提供了更为宽广的美国移民申请途径。我们不仅提供专业的知识培训和业务指导，还提供材料文件的支持，让您项目推广无忧更轻松。
        如果您公司的客户主要是以美国为主，且困扰于美国EB5移民的排期问题和风险；或者不够资格申请美国EB1移民的，都可以考虑美国EB2移民或者EB3移民，排期短，无须投资，申请周期灵活，风险小。感兴趣的朋友欢迎咨询合作事宜。
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附录：政策一：USCIS Updates Policy Guidance for Certain Requests for Evidence and Notices of Intent to DenyWASHINGTON - U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) today posted a policy memorandum (PDF, 113 KB) (PM) that provides guidance to USCIS adjudicators regarding their discretion to deny an application, petition, or request without first issuing a Request for Evidence (RFE) or Notice of Intent to Deny (NOID) when required initial evidence was not submitted or the evidence of record fails to establish eligibility.
This updated guidance is effective September 11, 2018 and applies to all applications, petitions, and requests, except for Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) adjudications, received after that date. Due to preliminary injunctions issued by courts in California and New York, this new PM does not change the RFE and NOID policies and practices that apply to the adjudication of DACA requests.“For too long, our immigration system has been bogged down with frivolous or meritless claims that slow down processing for everyone, including legitimate petitioners. Through this long overdue policy change, USCIS is restoring full discretion to our immigration officers to deny incomplete and ineligible applications and petitions submitted for immigration benefits,” said USCIS Director L. Francis Cissna. “Doing so will discourage frivolous filings and skeletal applications used to game the system, ensure our resources are not wasted, and ultimately improve our agency’s ability to efficiently and fairly adjudicate requests for immigration benefits in full accordance with our laws.”  The 2013 PM addressed policies for the issuance of RFEs and NOIDs when the evidence submitted at the time of filing did not establish eligibility. In practice, the 2013 PM limited denials without RFEs or NOIDs to statutory denials by providing that RFEs should be issued unless there was “no possibility” of approval. This “no possibility” policy limited the application of an adjudicator’s discretion.The policy implemented in this guidance restores to the adjudicator full discretion to deny applications, petitions, and requests without first issuing an RFE or a NOID, when appropriate. This policy is intended to discourage frivolous or substantially incomplete filings used as “placeholder” filings and encourage applicants, petitioners, and requestors to be diligent in collecting and submitting required evidence.  USCIS will continue issuing statutory denials when appropriate without first issuing an RFE or NOID when the applicant, petitioner, or requestor has no legal basis for the benefit/request sought, or submits a request for a benefit or relief under a program that has been terminated.
If all required initial evidence is not submitted with the benefit request, USCIS, in its discretion, may deny the benefit request for failure to establish eligibility based on lack of required initial evidence. Examples of filings that may be denied without sending an RFE or NOID include, but are not limited to:

Waiver applications submitted with  little to no supporting evidence; or

Cases where the regulations, the statute, or form instructions require the submission of an official document or other form of evidence establishing eligibility at the time of filing and there is no such submission. For example, an Affidavit of Support (Form I-864), if required, was not submitted with an Application to Register Permanent Residence or Adjust Status (Form I-485).
This PM updates Chapters 10.5(a) and 10.5(b) of the USCIS Adjudicator’s Field Manual and contains an “additional considerations” section. The policy in this “additional considerations” section is not new, and is nearly identical to the policy contained in the superseded 2013 PM. For more information on USCIS and its programs, please visit uscis.gov or follow us on Twitter (@uscis), Instagram (/uscis), YouTube (/uscis), and Facebook (/uscis).Last Reviewed/Updated: 07/13/2018
政策二：USCIS Updates Notice to Appear Policy Guidance to Support DHS Enforcement Priorities
WASHINGTON — U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services issued updated guidance (PDF, 140 KB) today that aligns its policy for issuing Form I-862, Notice to Appear, with the immigration enforcement priorities of the Department of Homeland Security.
A Notice to Appear (NTA) is a document given to an alien that instructs them to appear before an immigration judge on a certain date. The issuance of an NTA commences removal proceedings against the alien. Under the new guidance, USCIS officers will now issue an NTA for a wider range of cases where the individual is removable and there is evidence of fraud, criminal activity, or where an applicant is denied an immigration benefit and is unlawfully present in the United States.“For too long, USCIS officers uncovering instances of fraudulent or criminal activity have been limited in their ability to help ensure U.S. immigration laws are faithfully executed. This updated policy equips USCIS officers with clear guidance they need and deserve to support the enforcement priorities established by the president, keep our communities safe, and protect the integrity of our immigration system from those seeking to exploit it,” said USCIS Director L. Francis Cissna.Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) recipients and requestors are exempted from this updated guidance when: (1) processing an initial or renewal DACA request or DACA-related benefit request; or (2) processing a DACA recipient for possible termination of DACA. As explained in the concurrently issued DACA-specific guidance, USCIS will continue to apply the 2011 NTA guidance (PDF, 77 KB) to these cases. USCIS will also continue to follow the existing DACA information-sharing policy regarding any information provided by a DACA requestor in a DACA request or DACA-related benefit request.USCIS, along with U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) and U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP), has legal authority under current immigration laws to issue NTAs. This Policy Memorandum updates the guidelines USCIS officers use to determine when to refer a case to ICE or to issue an NTA. The revised policy generally requires USCIS to issue an NTA in the following categories of cases in which the individual is removable:

Cases where fraud or misrepresentation is substantiated, and/or where an applicant abused any program related to the receipt of public benefits. USCIS will issue an NTA even if the case is denied for reasons other than fraud.

Criminal cases where an applicant is convicted of or charged with a criminal offense, or has committed acts that are chargeable as a criminal offense, even if the criminal conduct was not the basis for the denial or the ground of removability. USCIS may refer cases involving serious criminal activity to ICE before adjudication of an immigration benefit request pending before USCIS without issuing an NTA.

Cases in which USCIS denies a Form N-400, Application for Naturalization, on good moral character grounds because of a criminal offense.

Cases in which, upon the denial of an application or petition, an applicant is unlawfully present in the United States.
The revised policy does not change the USCIS policy for issuing an NTA in the following categories:

Cases involving national security concerns;

Cases where issuing an NTA is required by statute or regulation;

Temporary Protected Status (TPS) cases, except where, after applying TPS regulatory provisions, a TPS denial or withdrawal results in an individual having no other lawful immigration status;

DACA recipients and requestors when: (1) processing an initial or renewal DACA request or DACA-related benefit request; or (2) processing a DACA recipient for possible termination of DACA.
Under separate policy guidance (PDF, 77 KB) issued concurrently, USCIS officers will continue to apply PM 602-0050, Revised Guidance for the Referral of Cases and Issuance of Notices to Appear (PDF, 77 KB) (NTAs) in Cases Involving Inadmissible and Removable Aliens, dated November 7, 2011, to the issuance of NTAs and Referrals to ICE for DACA recipients and requestors.Interim and final policy memos are official USCIS policy documents and are effective the date the memos are issued.For more information on USCIS and our programs, please visit uscis.gov or follow us on Twitter (@uscis), YouTube (/uscis), Facebook (/uscis), and Instagram (@USCIS).Last Reviewed/Updated: 07/05/2018