不知道初到国外留学的同学们都学习得怎么样了，有没有被essay写作难倒？相比于当地的学生，中国留学生的英语水平可能处于劣势，所以同学们有必要加强自己的Essay写作，这样才能顺利完成学业。下面就给大家讲解一下学术essay写作该怎么完成。
学术essay写作前的准备工作
1.审题
了解学术essay的写作要求，选题也要确定范围。看看Description里有没有提到需要其他的资料或者数据，一定要看清楚。
审题建议：看看题目是要求你自己去查找资料写结论还是需要你在全文中进行讨论，大方向千万不能错，不然Essay很容易挂科。同学们还需要注意重要的信息，比如字数要求，提交截止时间，Essay内容是否有限制在哪几个板块等等。
2.列出Essay提纲
题目一定要选择自己拿手的，而不是随便选择。一个好的题目能够在你写Essay时时时刻刻地提醒你在写什么！Body（Essay主体）部分的背景+例子+分析可以简单的列出框架和包括的要点，这样在写的时候能更加一目了然！
开始写作
Essay结构安排
Introduction
交代一下Essay的背景，点出文章主题，起到与文章主体（main body）第一段的过渡作用。不知道从何说起的可以试一下以这些句式开头：
1）This will be followed by a description of the xx of the problem and a detailed presentation of how the required membership functions are defined.
2）Details on xx and xx are discussed in later sections.
3）In the next section,after a statement of the basic problem,various situation possibility knowledge are investigated.
4）To begin with we will provide a brisf background on xx.
观点分段列Evidence and body part
1）In this section,the characteristics and environment under which xx is described.
2）We will provide in this section basic xx which are necessary for the understanding of subsequent results.
例子+分析
分析一定要辩证看，体现argument
关于举例子
a)学校就有非常实用的资源网站：My library
b)节约时间：Google网站后面带edu.ac.uk.gov.uk.bbc主要就是带acdemic的都可以放心使用的
c)电子书：很多网站都有各种文献的电子版，同学们直接搜就可以了！
举例子的时候可以用以下的句子：
XX devoted to the basic aspect of XX.
XX describe the system itself in a general way,including the XX and also discuss how to evaluate system performance.
XX discusses some problems with and approaches to XX.
By the illustration of XX...
Further lending credence to my position is that XX.
According to the investigation conducted this year indicates that XX.
结尾段总结Conclusion
1)This essay conclude with a discussion of further research consideration in XX.
2)XX provides a summary of some extensions of XX
3)The basic questions posed above are discussed and conclusion are drawn.
4)Admittedly,XX also has certain merits which deserve some words here.For example XX
5)Therefore,due to the above mentioned reasons,which sometimes correlate with each other to form an organic whole and thus become more persuasive than any single one of them,I reinforce my stand point that XX
结尾部分可以点题，并且概括主题段出现的要点，总结全文。
写作技巧
1.多用连接词
递进关系：in addition,furthermore,also,moreover,besides
转折关系：in comparison,in contrast,on the other hand,however,nevertheless,on the contrary，while,whereas
因果关系：because of,due to,since,owing to,as a result of,hence,thus,therefore,so
让步关系：although,though,after all,in spite of
表示强调：certainly,above all,actually,surely,indeed,absolutely,primarily,chiefly,as a matter of fact
2.准确使用本专业领域内特有的学术概念、专业用语及固定说法
口语不要用到essay里，谚语和俗语也要尽量避免。不要使用缩写词汇，专业词汇注意拼写。
3.关于Reference
这时候就需要引用一些跟你观点差不多的文献，一般reference的格式都是采用Harvard Style。注意不要引用太多原文，适当paraphrase（改写）。
以上就是给同学们分享的学术essay写作的相关要点，希望同学们在以后写作学术essay的时候都能注意到这些。 |
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