Essay写作有哪些开头方式?

  好久不见!在疫情里“家里蹲”的各位,颈椎还好吗?腰还好吗?
  依着ETS的性子,四月的托福考试也悬了,很多小朋友都乱了阵脚,到底这段时间应该如何备考托福?
  还是建议大家不要慌张,也不要打乱复习、备考的节奏,千万不可有松懈的情绪,可以做一个2-3个月的托福&SAT的协同“作战计划”,争取能够在5,6月一举攻下托福以及SAT!
  那么说到essay写作,我觉得这样一个较长的备考时间,大家可以尝试自己慢慢打磨属于自己的写作模版,尤其是对于想冲击27分以上的小朋友们,能够好好琢磨自己的遣词造句,扎实语言的基本功至关重要,不要只是着眼于背一背模版就想混个高分,能够从英语的写作基础开始,真正将essay写作能力提高,这样也可以更好地与大学的Essay写作接轨。
  今天这期,我就会带着大家从我们在Sat写作里的阅读文章经常见到的News writing新闻写作常用的导语Lead写作方式说起,一起了解下如何创造属于自己的托福写作开头模版。
  我们先来从几篇很经典的文章说起吧:
  At my family's cabin on a Minnesota lake,I knew woods so dark that my hands disappeared before my eyes.I knew night skies in which meteors left smoky trails across sugary spreads of stars.But now,when 8 of 10 children born in the United States will never know a sky dark enough for the Milky Way,I worry we are rapidly losing night's natural darkness before realizing its worth.This winter solstice,as we cheer the days'gradual movement back toward light,let us also remember the irreplaceable value of darkness.
  ——节选自OG样题《Let There Be Dark》
  The mother of tweens was folding laundry at 5 a.m.before going to an early spinning class when the phone rang.It was October 2009 and Carol Greider,a biologist at Johns Hopkins University,picked up and heard a voice from Stockholm.She had won that year’s Nobel Prize in medicine.
  Unfortunately,Greider remains a rarity in the pantheon of Nobel scientists.And that’s partly because we haven’t done enough to help young female scientists balance the demands of academic research with the pull of family responsibility.That needs to change.
  ——节选自2017年5月亚太考区真题《How To Increase the Number of Women Winning Nobel Prizes》
  大家可以先想一下,这两篇的开头方式有什么相似之处?
  没错,它们都是anecdote introduction,也就是个人轶事的开头方式,以作者或者其他人的个人经历来引出话题。
  这样的开头方式好处也是显而易见,拉近与读者的距离,让读者能够感兴趣,(确实不是和咱无关的事儿啊!),这也是经典的华尔街日报体的开头方式。
  接下来,我们再来看看这样的开头方式可以如何来写?
  首先,所使用的语句一定要是描述性的话语narratives,不管是形容词描写出画面感,meteors left smoky trails across sugary spreads of stars,还是实义动词(真真切切能够体现出动词的动词,而不是be动词这样描述状态的动词)体现出动作的连续性来set scene:folding laundry,going to an early spinning class,the phone rang.
  所以当我们知道了如何写的奥秘之后,我们来看看可以如何运用在托福独立写作中吧!
  先看这样一个题目:
  In order to be well-informed,one person must get information from many different news sources.
  这个题目还是有一定难度的,讲的其实是比较不常见的媒介类型题目,我们首先明确news sources指的是什么?
  其实也就是我们讲的媒体,我们身边总是有各种各样的新闻源头,从早期的newspaper,radio,到后来的电视Television,再到现在的网络internet,都是media媒介,也就是news sources。
  所以,为了能够成为well informed,我们到底是不是应该从各种信息渠道获得信息呢?
  我很喜欢将这一类题目称为理想与现实差距题,我们第一反应当然是,of course,这还用说嘛,有人说NEWS不就是North,East,West,South,所谓耳听四面,眼看八方嘛!
  但是,这是我们理想的状态,能够从多种信息获得渠道,毫无疑问,可以让我们对某个领域非常了解,或者说了解很多个领域。
  但是现实往往很骨感,现实生活中,这样的news sources一定是能够提供多种信息吗,你有没有这样的经历,同样一条新闻,你翻开报纸,打开手机app,刷刷社交媒体,讲的都是同样的内容,这样explosive and repetitive information,恐怕只会让我们浪费时间,降低获取信息的效率吧!(所以第一条分论点就出来咯)
  而现实还是,我们普通人,大众,并不都是literate,很多也并不具有filtering skills信息过滤或者筛选的能力,所以面对这么多不知真假的信息来源,可能最后反而会被误导。(第二条分论点)
  分论点如何表达,我们有机会再说,现在让我们把重点放在开头吧!
  于是,我们开始进行开头创作吧,首先我们要做第一步就是引出话题,套用anecdote的创作方式。
  想象下我们现在处在什么样的一个社会里?
  每天在吃早餐的时候是不是会翻开报纸(可能是老年人!年轻人就是打开手机,看看社交媒体),在坐地铁去公司的途中打开手机app开始看看今天的热搜,然后闲暇时候,上网冲浪看看社交媒体上说了啥,这不就是我们每个人的状态嘛!
  所以,我们可以以这样的方式来引出话题:
  In this day and age,media is almost everywhere.We listen to radio programs during the breakfast time,read the news app until the subway arrive the destination and surf on the internet or social media to know the latest news around the world.Actually,there are too many news sources providing information.
  第二步,我们再来个先抑后扬,也就是concession的方式,直接点出对方观点的理由:
  Some would claim that in order to be well-informed,one should receive information from various news sources,for this helps he or she knows the news event comprehensively/from different aspect.
  第三步,直接点出自己的立场:
  In my opinion,however,viewing to too many news sources does make the person much more confused.
  最后,引出下文:
  This essay will explore the rationale behind my observation.
  所以,这样一个anecdote intro就是这样写的:
  In this day and age,media is almost everywhere.We listen to radio programs during the breakfast time,read the news app until the subway arrive the destination and surf on the internet or social media to know the latest news around the world.Actually,there are too many news sources providing information.Some would claim that in order to be well-informed,one should receive information from various news sources,for this helps he or she knows the news event comprehensively/from different aspect.In my opinion,however,viewing to too many news sources does make the person much more confused.This essay will explore the rationale behind my observation.
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