还是495-PR

＠　关于４９５签证１．对４９５签证的申请愈来愈难，申请条件愈来愈高．
有达到申请条件的朋友估计也可以去加拿大了！大没有支援澳大利亚农村的义务了．要知道４９５签证的持有者是没有任何福利可言的．医疗，教育和ＯＶＥＲＳＥＡ是一样的．能去其他的国家就去其他的国家，尽量别选择这种签证．
对于已经拿到４９５签证的，还要绞尽脑汁去满足转ＰＲ的条件（像我一样），找全职的和你的提名职业相吻合的工作．相信在澳大利亚生活过一段时间的朋友都有感触－－那的的确确不是一件简单的事情，尤其是在澳大利亚偏远地区（其实就是农村）本来人就少，机会就更少．
所以正在申请的朋友是否应该冷静一下，好好考虑，花费了巨大的精力和财力后你所得到的值不值，何况还有一大部分可能根本就满足不了转ＰＲ的条件．反过来考虑感觉就是个骗局．新移民政策的提高英语要求本身就是对非英语国家的申请者的歧视，可能有点偏激！
２．着重讨论已经拿到４９５签证的准备转ＰＲ
总的移民局网站上的政策：
Pathways to Permanent Residency On this page:

When can you apply for a permanent visa?

Which permanent visas can you apply for?

Evidence to attach to your application

Once you have lived and worked in Australia on this visa, there are several permanent visas that you can apply for.
When can you apply for a permanent visa? You can apply for a permanent visa once you have:

lived for two (2) years in regional Australia or a low population growth metropolitan area
See:
                        Regional Australia/Low Population Growth Metropolitan Areas
and

have worked, including self-employment, for 12 months in these same areas. There is no restriction on the type of work that you may undertake. The only restriction is that the employment must be both of the following:

'full-time'

undertaken in a regional or low population growth metropolitan area in Australia. The Australian Bureau of Statistics defines a 'full-time position' as one in which employment is normally for 35 hours a week. There may be some occupations, however, where full-time employment is for less than 35 hours a week. If this is the case for your occupation then you must provide details. Any employment that is less than 30 hours a week will not be regarded as full-time.
As of 7 November 2006 you are allowed to work in up to two concurrent part-time jobs to meet the 12 month (35 hours a week) full-time work requirement.
Which permanent visas can you apply for? You can apply for any permanent visa in Australia, however there are several visas that have reduced eligibility requirements.
See:
Concessions for the State/Territory Nominated Independent (subclass 137) visa
Concessions for the Regional Sponsored Migration Scheme (subclass 857) visa
Concessions for the State/Territory Sponsored Business Owner (subclass 892) visa
Evidence to attach to your application Documents to confirm your residence may include, but are not limited to:

title deeds to your residential property

school reports

leases

bills, such as telephone, gas, electricity that show your residential address. Documents to confirm your employment may include, but are not limited to:

work reference(s) which must:

be written on the official letterhead of the company or government department providing the reference

indicate clearly on the letterhead the full address of the company and any telephone, fax numbers, e-mail and website addresses

have the name and position of the person authorised to sign the employment reference typed or stamped below that person's signature – a reference with an illegible signature will not be accepted

include the direct contact number of the person writing the reference

indicate the exact period of employment, including whether permanent or temporary, full or part-time, position(s) held, the main five duties undertaken, and the salary earned – positions should not be described by generic titles (eg research officer, public servant) but according to the nature of the duties undertaken (eg research chemist, accounts clerk)

include a payslip from your current employment – this is especially important if you have been working in government departments.

Other documents such as:

contracts

pay slips

tax returns

group certificates. http://www.immi.gov.au/skilled/general-skilled-migration/sir.htm
我的理解是　
在偏远地区（农村）居住两年，全职或者自雇１２个月．
２００６年１１月７日以后可以用两个以上的兼职来代替全职，超过３５小时即可．
在这里并没有对从事什么样的工作有限制，因为上面的两条是最基本条件，在满足后有下面３种选择可以转ＰＲ
Concessions for the State/Territory Nominated Independent (subclass 137) visa
Concessions for the Regional Sponsored Migration Scheme (subclass 857) visa
Concessions for the State/Territory Sponsored Business Owner (subclass 892) visa
对于８５７
降低申请费用，不考虑年龄和英语，但是对于专业有要求
Skills Assessment You do not need to have your skills re-assessed by the relevant Australian assessing authority provided you are nominating the same occupation in your permanent visa application that you nominated in your Skilled Independent Regional (Provisional) (subclass 495) visa application.
If you nominate a different occupation then a new skills assessment may be required.
The Skilled Occupation List (SOL) sets out the relevant assessing authority for each occupation on the list. Contact details for these authorities are available at the end of the Skilled Occupation List (SOL).
See: Form 1121i Skilled Occupation List (SOL), Sydney and Selected Areas Skills Shortage List (SSASSL) and Employer Nominated Skilled Occupation List (ENSOL) (132KB PDF file
http://www.immi.gov.au/skilled/general-skilled-migration/857.htm
做提名职业没有问题，如果做不同的职业（必须是ＳＯＬ上的职业）就要求重新评估，重新评估可不是开玩笑的．相信这个选择有一定的难度．
对于１３７
Concessions for the State/Territory Nominated Independent (subclass 137) visa If you hold a Skilled – Independent Regional (Provisional) (subclass 495) visa, either you or your spouse may become a primary applicant when applying for this visa. The primary applicant must have lived for two (2) years and worked full-time for at least 12 months in regional Australia or a low population growth metropolitan area.
See:
                Regional Australia/Low Population Growth Metropolitan Areas
The following concessions are available.
Reduced visa application charge You pay a reduced visa application charge as you have already paid one migration visa application charge.
See: Form 990i Charges (Fees)
Age You do not need to be under 45 years of age at the time you apply if you hold a Skilled Independent Regional (Provisional)(subclass 495) visa and are the primary applicant for a subclass 137 visa.
Skills Assessment You do not need to have your skills re-assessed by the relevant Australian assessing authority.
English language You do not need to have your English language ability re-assessed
This is because you have already been assessed as having at least a 'vocational' standard of English language ability.
Points TestYou are determined to have met the applicable 'pool mark' in the points test, even if the pool mark has increased since you were granted a Skilled Independent Regional (Provisional) (subclass 495) visa.
You should read all of the information about this visa before you apply.
See: State/Territory Nominated Independent (subclass 137) visa
Work Experience You are determined to have met the recent work experience condition requiring y ou to demonstrate that you have worked in any occupation on the Skilled Occupation List (SOL) for a specified period immediately before lodging your visa application. You are still required to have met the 12 month full-time work requirement attached to your SIR visa.
http://www.immi.gov.au/skilled/general-skilled-migration/137.htm
降低申请费用，不考虑年龄和英语，必须从事ＳＯＬ里面的专业但是不需要职业评估，可以被雇佣或者自雇．相信是大多数人的选择！
在仔细看看，在１３７类别下针对所从事的职业，还有个补充：
State Territory Nominated Independent visa (Subclass 137)

About this Visa
                       

How this Visa Works
                       

Eligibility
                       

Obligations
                       

Applying for this Visa[/ol]About this VisaThis visa enables participating state/territory governments to nominate skilled migration applicants who are interested in permanently settling in states and territories where their skills are in demand. There is particular demand for skilled workers in regional areas of Australia.
Who is this visa for?This visa is for:

skilled workers with an occupation that is required in Australia

dependent family members of the skilled worker who also wish to apply for a visa. You must have skills and qualifications in an occupation that is required in Australia. These occupations are listed on Australia's Skilled Occupation List (SOL).
See: Form 1121i
                Skilled Occupation List (SOL), Sydney and Selected Areas Skill Shortage List (SSASSL), and Employer Nomination Scheme Occupation List (ENSOL) (132KB PDF file)
You will need to be nominated by a participating state or territory government. The participating State or Territory governments for this visa are:

South Australia

Tasmania
               

Victoria
               

Western Australia
               

Australian Capital Territory
               

New South Wales
               

Queensland
               

NorthernTerritory
                Each State or Territory has its own list of skill requirements depending on what skills are in demand in that state. You should check the state shortage lists before proceeding with your application.
There are a number of additional requirements which must be met.
Note: Queensland will only sponsor Skilled Independent Regional (Provisional) visa (subclass 495) holders.
See:
                Applicant Eligibility
How much does this visa cost?You must pay the relevant visa application charge when you lodge your visa application.
See: Professionals and Other Skilled Migrants
       
What does this visa let me do?This visa allows you and any dependent family members included in your visa application to live as permanent residents in Australia.
Australian permanent residents can:

live and work in Australia on a permanent basis

study in Australia at school or university

receive subsidised healthcare through Medicare and the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS)

access certain social security payments (subject to waiting periods)

be eligible for Australian citizenship (subject to the residency eligibility criteria)

sponsor people for permanent residence.

http://www.immi.gov.au/skilled/general-skilled-migration/137/index.htm大家注意下面很关键的一句话
Each State or Territory has its own list of skill requirements depending on what skills are in demand in that state. You should check the state shortage lists before proceeding with your application.
There are a number of additional requirements which must be met.
Note: Queensland will only sponsor Skilled Independent Regional (Provisional) visa (subclass 495) holders
每个洲都有自己的紧缺专业ＬＩＳＴ，我注意看过总移民局的紧缺ＬＩＳＴ和各个洲的紧缺ＬＩＳＴ不一样，我觉得申请的关键就在这里（替各位省了中介费了，呵呵）．昆省最牛，只担保４９５类别的，其他类别是空的．
我认为总移民局网站和各个洲移民局网站有点矛盾，但是４９５签证本身的意义就在于让各个洲繁荣起来，没有４９５签证南澳的房价会涨的这么厉害吗！所以应该以洲的为主，换句话说能拿到洲的担保基本就没有大问题了！
以上是我的个人经验和看法！





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