主谓一致性是SAT语法就2006年至2010年考点最多的一项(27题),2011年和2012年考试亦呈现诸多考点,下面我们就此来详细讲解。
顾名思义,主谓一致说的是主语同谓语之间数的一致性关系,谓语动词的单数或者复数形式通常由主语的单数或者复数来决定。解题方法在于找出主语的核心词,细细分来,包含了四大分类:插入形式的短语,全倒装结构,“there be”句型和both (few, many, several) 。
在插入形式的短语中,做题的方法在于找出“A(主语关键词),举例短语(such as…)/分词短语/介词短语/同位语/不定式等插入成分,谓语动词”的结构,A决定谓语动词的形式。让我们一起来动笔做做以下的一道2006年01月的考题:
SAT January, 2006
The newly elected (A) Prime Minister, to the dismay (B) of opponents from other parties, have argued (C) for the strict regulations of (D) campaign financing. No error (E)
解析:
考点:主谓一致--插入形式的短语:
主语Prime Minister,谓语动词:have argued修改为has argued
(A). newly elected--正确:副词newly修饰分词elected。
(B). to the dismay of opponents--正确:介词词组。
(C). have argued--错误,修改为has argued,判断依据:主语Prime Minister,“to the dismay of opponents from other parties”是插入语。
(D). strict regulations of campaign financing--正确:词组。
(E). No error--因为选项C有误,所以不选E No error。
我们接下来再来看看全倒装结构,在这个结构中, 谓语动词的数的形式由谓语动词后的主语的形式决定,例如:
(1).Out of something grows a market for ... (a market决定动词用单数grows)
(2).At stake, … , is the solvency of the bank ...(the solvency决定be动词用单数is)
SAT May, 2008
In the back of the textbook are (A) a list of words that can be easily learned (B) by those who want to improve (C) their command (D) of English. No error (E)
解析:
考点:主谓一致--全倒装结构:
主语a list of words,谓语动词:are修改为is
(A). are--错误,修改为is。
(B). easily learned--正确:副词easily修饰过去分词learned。
(C). who want to improve为前面的“those”接着的定语从句,就“want”时态和主谓一致来说,都是正确的。
(D). their command of English--正确:词组。
(E). No error--因为选项A有误,所以不选E No error。
第三类是:“there be”句型,“there be”句型中be用单数还是复数,是由后面的真正主语而定,我们一起来看看2008年一月的真题:
SAT January, 2008
There are (A) a short but (B) substantive list of major innovations in American education that resulted from (C) the efforts of (D) mathematician Winifred Merrill. No error (E)
解析:
考点:主谓一致--“there be”句型:
主语a short but substantive of major innovations in American education,谓语动词:are修改为is
(A). are--错误,修改为is,原因:主语a short but substantive of major innovations in American education。
(B). but--正确:平行结构--形容词:short but substantive。
(C). resulted from--正确:resulted from修饰major innovations。
(D). efforts of--正确:词组。
(E). No error--因为选项A有误,所以不选E No error。
最后一类是both (few, many, several) of,在“both (few, many, several) of + 复数名词”中,谓语用复数,2007年05月真题和它的解析我们一起来看一下:
SAT May, 2007
Both her work on community service project and her dedication to learning (A) has gained (B) Ms. Stevens the respect of (C) the entire (D) faculty. No error (E)
解析:
考点:主谓一致--both (few, many, several) of:
主语both her work on community service project and her dedication to learning,谓语动词:has gained修改为have gained
(A). to learning--正确:her dedication to learning--来自于结构dedication to doing something。
(B). has gained--错误,谓语动词:has gained修改为have gained,原因:主语both her work on community service project and her dedication to learning。
(C). respect of--正确:词组:the respect of the entire faculty。
(D). entire--正确:形容词entire修饰faculty。
(E). No error--因为选项B有误,所以不选E No error
以上是对SAT语法考试中的考点主谓一致的分析,就其四大分类:插入形式的短语,全倒装结构,“there be”句型和both (few, many, several) 而言,做题的关键是按照上述所说的语法规则迅速并且准确地找出主语,从而在SAT语法考试中予以制胜。 |